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Remember that the world is tilted as it rotates. The “rays” are from the earth’s rotation at an angle changing the sundown time on an axis.
Also the Mercator projection is infamously inaccurate. I’m surprised the straight lines are straight, actually.
This is absolutely not Mercator (otherwise, meridians would be all vertical and the Polar Circle a straight horizontal boundary), and the diagonal lines do not quite appear straight.